Medications and Heat: A Guide for Staying Safe in the Summer

As temperatures rise, it's crucial to be aware of how certain medications can affect your body's ability to regulate heat. Some common medications can interfere with the body's natural cooling mechanisms, putting individuals, especially older adults who are already more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses, at increased risk of heat exhaustion, heat stroke, or even death. Understanding the potential risks and taking proactive steps can help you stay safe and healthy during the warmer months.

Certain medications can disrupt these cooling processes, making it harder for your body to stay cool in hot weather. Here's a breakdown of common medication categories and specific examples:

●      Heart Medications: Some heart medications can reduce your sense of thirst, making it harder to stay hydrated.

●      Diuretics (Water Pills): These medications increase urination, which can lead to dehydration if fluid intake isn't carefully monitored.

●      Antidepressants: Some antidepressants can impair sweating, hindering the body's ability to cool down effectively.

●      Antipsychotics: These medications can interfere with thermoregulation, the body's ability to maintain a stable internal temperature.

●      ADHD Medications: Some ADHD medications can increase body temperature and reduce sweating.

●      Anticholinergics: Often prescribed for Parkinson's disease and overactive bladder, these medications can reduce sweating.

●      Antihistamines: Some antihistamines can have anticholinergic effects, reducing sweating.

●      Decongestants: These medications can constrict blood vessels, making it harder for the body to release heat.

●      Dopaminergics: Prescribed for Parkinson's disease, these medications can sometimes interfere with thermoregulation.

Tips for managing medications in the heat

●      Don't Stop Medications Abruptly: Never stop taking any medication without consulting your doctor. If you have concerns about how your medications might affect you in the heat, discuss them with your physician.

●      Store Medications Properly: Some medications can become less effective if exposed to high temperatures. Store your medications according to the instructions on the label.

●      Stay Hydrated: Dehydration is a major risk factor for heat-related illnesses. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. If your urine is darker than normal, you may be dehydrated. Water is an excellent choice, but check with your doctor if you have been placed on fluid restrictions. Avoid alcohol, as it can contribute to dehydration.

●      Keep Cool: Wear loose-fitting, light-colored clothing. Use fans or air conditioning to stay cool indoors. Avoid strenuous outdoor activities during the hottest part of the day.

●      Be Aware of Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke Symptoms: Know the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, nausea, headache) and heat stroke (confusion, high body temperature, seizures). Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.

●      Know Your Medications' Side Effects: Be aware of the potential side effects of all the medications you are taking, and don't hesitate to ask your doctor or pharmacist about staying safe in the heat.

Medications that increase sunburn risk

In addition to medications that affect heat regulation, some medications can make your skin more sensitive to the sun, increasing your risk of sunburn. If you are taking any of the following medications, take extra precautions to protect your skin from the sun:

●      Antibiotics

●      Antifungals

●      Antihistamines

●      Statin Cholesterol Medications

●      Diabetes Medications

According to Tamanika Fite, the Director of Pharmacy at St. Luke’s Health-The Vintage Hospital, " It's not just about taking your medication as prescribed; it's about understanding how those medications interact with your environment. We regularly counsel patients, particularly our older adults, on the often-overlooked risks of heat exposure. My key takeaway for everyone is: Your pharmacist is an invaluable resource. Don't hesitate to ask us about specific heat-related precautions for your medications, proper storage, or signs to watch for."

By understanding the potential risks of medications in the heat and taking appropriate precautions, you can stay safe while enjoying activities during the warm weather months.