Arterial blood gases (abg) test

An arterial blood gases (ABG) test is a blood test. It measures the acid-base balance (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. It uses blood drawn from an artery. This is where the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be measured before they enter body tissues.

An arterial blood gases (ABG) test is done to:

• Check for severe breathing problems and lung diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• See how well treatment for lung diseases is working.
• Find out if you need extra oxygen or help with breathing (mechanical ventilation).
• Find out if you are getting the right amount of oxygen when you are using oxygen in the hospital.
• Measure the acid-base level in the blood of people who have heart failure, kidney failure, uncontrolled diabetes, sleep disorders, or severe infections or who have had a drug overdose.

If you are on oxygen therapy, the oxygen may be turned off for 20 minutes before the blood test. This is called a "room air" test. But if you can't breathe without the oxygen, the oxygen won't be turned off.

A sample of blood from an artery is usually taken from the inside of the wrist (radial artery). But it can also be taken from an artery in the groin (femoral artery) or on the inside of the arm above the elbow crease (brachial artery).

If blood is taken from the wrist, you will be seated with your arm extended and your wrist resting on a small pillow. The health professional taking the blood may rotate your hand back and forth and feel for a pulse in your wrist.

A procedure called the Allen test may be done to make sure that the blood flow to your hand is normal. An ABG test will not be done on an arm used for dialysis or if there is an infection or inflammation in the area of the puncture site.

• Tell the doctor ALL the medicines, vitamins, supplements, and herbal remedies your child takes. Some may increase the risk of problems during the test. Your doctor will tell you if your child should stop taking any of them before the test and how soon to do it.
• Plan for your child's recovery time. Your child should not lift or carry objects for about 24 hours after blood is drawn from an artery.

Normal

Each lab has a different range for what's normal. Your lab report should show the range that your lab uses for each test. The normal range is just a guide. Your doctor will also look at your results based on your age, health, and other factors. A value that isn't in the normal range may still be normal for you.

Results are usually available right away.

The concentration of oxygen being breathed, called the fraction of inhaled oxygen (FiO2), is also usually reported. This is only useful if you are receiving oxygen therapy from a tank or are on a ventilator.

Many conditions can change blood gas levels. Your doctor will talk with you about any abnormal results that may be related to your symptoms and past health.