Body fluids tests

Body fluid tests are done by taking some fluid from the body. In most cases, a needle is used to take out some fluid.

Genital tests are done by taking a swab or sample of fluid. For example, a doctor collects cervical mucus from the vagina or cervix in a way similar to a Pap smear. Then tests can be done on the mucus.

Tests on body fluids can be done to look for signs of infection or inflammation. For example, Gram stain and culture and sensitivity tests can find the type of bacteria that is causing an infection. The tests also can show what kind of medicine can best treat the infection.

Tests of body fluids also can be done to look for cancer or another disease.

• Peritoneal fluid can be tested for bacteria and white and red blood cells, protein, and glucose. Results can show the cause of fluid buildup. Possible causes include an infection, heart failure, cirrhosis, and kidney disease.
• Pericardial fluid may be tested to find out why the fluid is building up around the heart. Reasons can include infection, chest trauma, heart failure, and kidney problems.
• Pleural fluid can be tested for infection from pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), fungus, or other things. Tests also could show signs of lung cancer.
• Synovial fluid may show crystals that are a sign of gout. A cell count test of the fluid can show if there is an increase in certain types of white blood cells. That could be a sign of an infection or rheumatoid arthritis. Glucose levels in the fluid also can help a doctor diagnose osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Fluid from the genital area can be tested for bacteria and other germs.