What is croup?

Croup is an infection that causes swelling in the windpipe (trachea) and voice box (larynx). The swelling causes a loud, barking cough and sometimes makes breathing hard. Croup can be scary for you and your child, but it is rarely serious. In most cases, croup lasts from 2 to 5 days and can be treated at home.

Croup usually occurs a few days after the start of a cold and in most cases is caused by the same virus that causes the cold. Croup is worse at night but gets better with each night that passes.

Sometimes a doctor will give medicine to decrease swelling. This medicine might be given as a shot or by mouth. Because croup is caused by a virus, antibiotics will not help your child get better. But children sometimes get an ear infection or other bacterial infection along with croup. Antibiotics may help in that case.

The doctor has checked your child carefully, but problems can develop later. If you notice any problems or new symptoms, get medical treatment right away.

Symptoms of croup are caused by narrowed airways. They may include:

• A barking cough. The cough is often compared to the sound of a barking seal. You'll know it when you hear it.
• A raspy, hoarse voice.
• A harsh, crowing noise when breathing in. Sometimes children breathe fast and need to sit up to breathe better.

Symptoms of croup often improve during the day and get worse at night. Sometimes children have croup attacks that wake them up in the middle of the night for a couple of nights in a row. Unless the illness is severe, a child with croup is usually alert and active. The child's temperature is usually normal or only slightly higher than normal.

Even though your child's coughing and troubled breathing can be frightening, home treatment usually eases the symptoms.

The illness usually improves in 2 to 5 days.

When home treatment isn't enough, medicines such as glucocorticoids or epinephrine may be used to decrease airway swelling. These are usually given in a doctor's office or an emergency room. In rare cases, your child may need to stay in the hospital to get extra oxygen or other treatment.

Your doctor will probably be able to tell whether your child has croup based on your child's symptoms and a physical exam. The doctor may be able to identify the barking cough of croup over the phone.

The doctor may place a small clip called a pulse oximeter on your child's finger, toe, or earlobe to make sure that enough oxygen is reaching the blood.

Croup is a common respiratory problem in young children. It tends to occur in the fall and winter. Its main symptom is a harsh, barking cough. Croup causes swelling and narrowing in the voice box, windpipe, and breathing tubes that lead to the lungs. This can make it hard for your child to breathe.

An attack of croup can be scary, but it is rarely serious. Children usually get better in several days with rest and care at home.

Croup usually occurs a few days after the start of a cold and is usually caused by the same viruses that cause the common cold. Croup is contagious. The germs that cause it can be passed from one person to another through coughing and sneezing and through close contact. Regular hand-washing and limiting contact with others can help prevent the spread of croup.

As children grow older and their lungs and windpipes mature, they are less likely to get croup. Staying up to date on COVID-19 vaccines and getting a flu vaccine each year may help your child fight off some of the viruses that can lead to croup.