What is diabetic foot ulcer?

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

What is a diabetic foot ulcer?

A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore on your foot that is caused by diabetes. An ulcer forms most often on the pad (ball) of the foot or the bottom of a big toe. Ulcers can also form on the sides of the foot, tops of the toes, or heel of the foot.

What are the symptoms of diabetic foot ulcers?

Symptoms include an open sore on the foot that is not healing or is healing slowly. The ulcer may have started as a callus, blister, or other foot injury. It may be swollen. It may smell bad and be reddish or purplish in color. It may or may not be painful.

How are diabetic foot ulcers diagnosed?

Your doctor will do a foot exam and ask questions about your symptoms. You may be asked about the health of your feet, including past ulcers or other foot injuries. Your doctor may order tests.

How are diabetic foot ulcers treated?

Treatment includes keeping your blood sugar levels in your target range. It also includes keeping weight off your injured foot. You may need a special boot. You may also need to use a cane, crutches, or a wheelchair. If the ulcer is infected, you may get antibiotics. The ulcer may be treated with surgery.

How can you care for yourself when you have a diabetic foot ulcer?

  • Follow your doctor's instructions about keeping pressure off the foot ulcer. You may need to use crutches or a wheelchair. Or you may wear a cast or a walking boot.
  • Follow your doctor's instructions on how to clean the ulcer and change the bandage.
  • If your doctor prescribed antibiotics, take them as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.
  • Keep your blood sugar in your target range by watching what and how much you eat. Track your blood sugar, take medicines if prescribed, and get regular exercise.
  • If you smoke, quit or cut back as much as you can. Smoking affects blood flow and can make foot problems worse. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good.
  • Do not go barefoot. Protect your feet by wearing shoes that fit well. Choose shoes that are made of materials that are flexible and breathable, such as leather or cloth.
  • Inspect your feet daily for blisters, cuts, cracks, or sores. If you can't see well, use a mirror or have someone help you.
  • Have your doctor check your feet during each visit. If you have a foot problem, see your doctor. Do not try to treat your foot problem on your own. Home remedies or treatments that you can buy without a prescription (such as corn removers) can be harmful.

Diabetic foot ulcer: When to call

Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:

  • You have symptoms of infection, such as:
    • Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness.
    • Red streaks leading from the area.
    • Pus draining from the area.
    • A fever.

Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if:

  • You have a new problem with your feet, such as:
    • A new sore or ulcer.
    • A break in the skin that is not healing after several days.
    • Bleeding corns or calluses.
    • An ingrown toenail.
  • You do not get better as expected.

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The content above contains general health information provided by Healthwise, Incorporated, and reviewed by its medical experts. This content should not replace the advice of your healthcare provider. Not all treatments or services described are offered as services by us. For recommended treatments, please consult your healthcare provider.