Meniere's disease

Ménière's (say "men-YEERS") disease is an inner ear problem that affects your hearing and balance. It normally occurs in only one ear at a time. But over time, it develops in the other ear in up to half of those who have it.

The disease usually occurs in people ages 40 to 60, but anyone can have it.

Ménière's disease can cause sudden symptoms that last from hours to days. During an attack, you may have:

• Vertigo, a feeling like you or your surroundings are spinning.
• Tinnitus, a low roaring, ringing, or hissing in your ear. This may come and go.
• Hearing loss. This may be temporary or permanent.
• A feeling of pressure or fullness in your ear.

Attacks usually happen more often during the first few years and then come less often. Over time, the attacks may cause damage to the inner ear. This may cause poor balance, permanent hearing loss, and roaring or hissing in the affected ear. Some people may have "drop attacks," which are sudden falls without warning.

Your doctor will do a physical exam that includes checking your ears, eyes, and nervous system. They'll also ask about your past health and your symptoms, including:

• Details about your vertigo attacks.
• Whether you have other symptoms like hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear fullness.

You will probably have a hearing test. Other tests, such as an MRI or a CT scan, may be done to help find out what is causing your symptoms.

Ménière's disease can't be cured, but you can work with your doctor to find ways to reduce symptoms and attacks. Lifestyle changes like limiting sodium and reducing stress can help. Limiting caffeine and alcohol may also help.

Your doctor may prescribe medicines called diuretics to help decrease symptoms and prevent attacks. Medicines such as antihistamines, sedatives, and the scopolamine patch may help reduce vertigo and make it less severe during attacks. Other medicines may be given to help with nausea.

If symptoms are severe and other medicines don't work, your doctor may recommend steroid pills or injections. If needed, other injections or surgery may be options. Some of these treatments can cause permanent hearing loss. So they are usually done only as a last resort.

• During an attack of vertigo, lie down and hold your head very still until the feeling passes. This may help you cope with vertigo.
• Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes.
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, and stress, along with any other substances or conditions that trigger an attack.
• Eat a diet low in sodium to reduce fluid buildup in the inner ear.
• Make sure your home is safe for those times when you have an attack of vertigo.
  • Get rid of throw rugs, and use nonskid mats.
  • Use grab bars near the bathtub and toilet.
  • Use night-lights.
  • Keep floors dry to prevent slipping.
  • Store items you use often on low shelves so you don't have to climb or reach high. If you have to climb, use a step stool with handrails.
  • Keep driveways, sidewalks, and other walkways clear of things that might cause you to trip.
• There are other steps you can take to stay safe.
  • Avoid driving or working at heights.
  • Wear shoes with low heels and nonslip soles.
  • Keep your shoes tied.
  • Alert family and friends to your condition.
  • Know whether medicines you take can affect your sense of balance.