MRSA in children: Overview
MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is a type of bacteria that can cause a staph infection. But it's harder to treat than other staph infections. This is because some antibiotics cannot kill MRSA.
MRSA has become more common in healthy people. The bacteria are found on skin and in the nose. MRSA can spread from person to person.
The bacteria can cause infections of the skin, such as abscesses, boils, or cellulitis. It can also cause infections of the heart, blood, and bones. It can spread quickly in the body and cause serious problems.
If the infection causes a boil on your child's skin, the doctor may need to drain the fluid from the boil. The doctor may also give your child antibiotics through a small tube placed in a vein. This is called an I.V. Your child could also get an antibiotic ointment to put on sores or in the nose.
What are the symptoms of a MRSA infection?
Symptoms of a MRSA infection depend on where the infection is. If MRSA is causing an infection in a wound, that area of your skin may be red or tender. If you have pneumonia, you may develop a cough.
Community-associated MRSA commonly causes skin infections, such as boils, abscesses, or cellulitis. Often, people think they have been bitten by a spider or insect. Because MRSA infections can become serious in a short amount of time, it is important to see your doctor right away if you notice a boil or other skin problem.
How is a MRSA infection treated?
Depending on how serious your infection is, the doctor may drain your wound, prescribe antibiotic medicine, give you an I.V. (intravenous) antibiotic, or hospitalize you.
If you have a MRSA infection and need to be in a hospital, you may be isolated in a private room to reduce the chances of spreading the bacteria to others. When your doctors and nurses are caring for you, they may use extra precautions such as wearing gloves and gowns. If you have a MRSA pneumonia, they may also wear masks.
Most cases of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) begin as mild skin infections such as pimples or boils. Your doctor may be able to treat these infections without antibiotics by using a minor surgical procedure that opens and drains the sores.
If your doctor prescribes antibiotic medicine, be sure to take all the medicine even if you begin to feel better right away. If you do not take all the medicine, you may not kill all the bacteria. No matter what your treatment, be sure to call your doctor if your infection does not get better as expected.
How can you help prevent MRSA?
As more antibiotic-resistant bacteria develop, hospitals are taking extra care to practice infection control, which includes frequent hand-washing and isolation of patients who are infected with MRSA.
You can also take steps to protect yourself from MRSA.
- Practice good hygiene.
- Keep your hands clean by washing them frequently and thoroughly with soap and clean, running water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Hand-washing is the best way to avoid spreading germs.
- Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage, and avoid contact with other people's wounds or bandages.
- Do not share personal items such as towels or razors.
- Be smart about using antibiotics. Know that antibiotics can help treat bacterial infections but they cannot cure viral infections. Always ask your doctor if antibiotics are the best treatment. And avoid pressuring your doctor into prescribing antibiotics when they won't help you get better.
- Always take all your antibiotic medicine as prescribed by your doctor. Using only part of the medicine may cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria to develop.
- Do not save any antibiotics, and do not use antibiotics that were prescribed for someone else.
- If you are in the hospital, remind doctors and nurses to wash their hands before they touch you.
If you have an infection with MRSA, you can keep from spreading the bacteria.
- Cover your wound with clean, dry bandages. And follow your doctor's instructions on caring for your wound.
- Keep your hands clean. You, your family, and other people with whom you are in close contact should wash their hands often with soap and clean, running water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after changing a bandage or touching a wound.
- Do not share towels, washcloths, razors, clothing, or other items that may have had contact with your wound or a bandage. Wash your sheets, towels, and clothes with warm water and detergent and dry them in a hot dryer, if possible.
- Keep your environment clean by wiping all frequently touched surfaces (such as countertops, doorknobs, and light switches) with a disinfectant.
If you need to go to the hospital for some reason, and you have staph bacteria living on your skin and in your nose, you may be treated to try to prevent getting or spreading a MRSA infection. You may be given an ointment to put on your skin or inside your nose. And you need to wash your skin daily with a special soap that can get rid of the bacteria.
How is a MRSA infection diagnosed?
If your doctor thinks that you are infected with MRSA, he or she will send a sample of your infected wound, blood, or urine to a lab. The lab will grow the bacteria and then test to see which kinds of antibiotics kill the bacteria. This test may take several days.
You may also be tested if your doctor suspects that you are a MRSA carrier. A MRSA carrier is a person who has the bacteria living on the skin and in the nose but who is not sick. The test is done by taking a swab from the inside of the nose.
How can you care for your child who has MRSA?
- If the doctor prescribes antibiotics, give them to your child as directed. Do not stop using them just because your child feels better. Your child needs to take the full course of antibiotics.
- Cover all cuts and wounds with bandages until they heal.
- Wash your hands often, especially after you touch bandages. Have your child do this too. This can keep the bacteria from spreading. Wrap bandages in a plastic bag before you throw them away.
- Teach your child not to share towels, washcloths, clothes, or anything that touched your child's wound or bandage. Wash your child's sheets, towels, and clothes with warm water and detergent. Dry them in a hot dryer, if possible.
- Keep shared areas clean. Use a disinfectant to wipe surfaces that other people touch. These include countertops, doorknobs, and light switches.
How does a MRSA infection spread?
MRSA, like all staph bacteria, can be spread from one person to another through casual contact or through contaminated objects. It is commonly spread from the hands of someone who has MRSA. This could be anyone in a health care setting or in the community. MRSA is usually not spread through the air like the common cold or flu virus, unless a person has MRSA pneumonia and is coughing.
MRSA that is acquired in a hospital or health care setting is called healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA). In most cases, a person who is already sick or who has a weakened immune system becomes infected with HA-MRSA. These infections can occur in wounds or skin, burns, and I.V. or other sites where tubes enter the body, as well as in the eyes, bones, heart, or blood.
In the past, MRSA infected people who had chronic illnesses. But now MRSA has become more common in healthy people. These infections can occur among people who have scratches, cuts, or wounds and who have close contact with one another, such as members of sports teams. This type of MRSA is called community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).
What is a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection?
MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is a type of bacteria that can cause a staph infection.
Staph bacteria normally live on your skin and in your nose, usually without causing problems. Sometimes the bacteria cause infection. Usually you can treat this infection with antibiotics.
But MRSA infections are harder to treat than other staph infections. This is because antibiotics may not be able to kill MRSA. For some people, especially those who are weak or ill, MRSA infections can become serious.
MRSA can spread from person to person. It is commonly spread from the hands of someone who has MRSA. This could be anyone in a health care setting or in the community.
MRSA is more likely to develop when antibiotics are used too often or aren't used the right way. Over time, bacteria can change so that these antibiotics no longer work well.
MRSA in children: When to call
Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:
- Your child has worse symptoms of infection, such as:
- Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness.
- Red streaks leading from the area.
- Pus draining from the area.
- A fever.
Watch closely for changes in your child's health, and be sure to contact your doctor if:
- Your child does not get better as expected.
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