Root canal

A root canal treatment is done to repair a tooth that is damaged by tooth decay or is infected. During a root canal, a dentist or specialist (endodontist) removes the pulp from the center of the tooth down to the tip of the root. Then the dentist fills the empty space.

The pulp is the center (core) of a tooth. It contains nerves and blood vessels. When healthy, the pulp feeds the tooth and helps fight infection. But deep tooth decay or a broken tooth can damage the pulp and lead to a painful infection. A root canal helps relieve the pain and may save the tooth. It stops the infection from spreading to other teeth or the gums, and it helps the tooth heal.

A root canal is needed when tooth decay is likely to cause permanent damage to the pulp or has already done so.

The dentist will completely numb the tooth and the area around it. Next, a small drill and other tools are used to remove all the pulp from the tooth. Then the dentist fills the inside of the tooth below the gum line with a filling material.

The root canal may take more than one visit. This depends on the tooth involved and whether it's infected. If the tooth is infected, the dentist will treat the infection first. The pulp space may get medicine and a temporary filling material. At a later visit, the tooth will get permanent filling material.

After the root canal, a filling or crown might be needed. The dentist makes an imprint or uses a computer to make an image of the tooth. Then a crown is made to match the tooth. The tooth may get a temporary crown until the permanent one is made and cemented in place.

A root canal removes the pulp inside the tooth and replaces it with filling material. It can work well to treat or prevent an infection.