What is rotator cuff tear?

A torn rotator cuff tendon is damage to one or more of the four tendons that cover the shoulder joint. These tendons connect the rotator cuff muscles to the upper arm bone (humerus), shoulder bone (scapula), and collarbone (clavicle).

It takes great force to tear a healthy rotator cuff tendon. This may occur from a direct blow to or by stretching the tendon too much. Tears almost always occur in rotator cuffs that have been inflamed, scarred, or frayed. These types of tears can form slowly over time with no known injury. In less-active older adults, simple movements such as lifting an object can cause a tear.

Symptoms of a torn tendon include a popping sound heard at the time of the tear. They also include weakness, stiffness, and difficulty raising or turning your arm. You may also have pain, especially when your arm pushes against something. Pain at night is common.

Treatment for a torn rotator cuff is focused on relieving pain and inflammation, and on getting back shoulder motion, strength, flexibility, and function. It's also focused on preventing more injury and loss of strength and movement in the shoulder.

Treatment for a torn tendon will vary depending on where the tear is and how severe it is. It also depends on the person's age and overall health. Nonsurgical treatment may include rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medicines, and physical therapy. A complete tear may require surgery.